Thymosin Alpha-1

• Molecular Formula: C129H215N33O55
• Molecular Weight: 3108.28
• Sequence: Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr- Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-GluLysLys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH

DESCRIPTION

Thymosin α -1 is a major component of Thymosin Fraction 5 and is responsible for restoring and modulating immune function, particularly cell mediated immune function. Recent studies showed that Thymosin Alpha-1 molecule increased major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-1 and Toll-like receptor expression as well as cytokine production, suggesting its immunoregulatory role. It is an FDA approved medication under the trade name zadaxin after it received orphan drug approval status. It is widely used and studied in multiple types of cancer and viral illnesses. Some physicians are using thymosin for chronic fatigue and Lyme disease as well as autoimmune function as well. TA 1 is thought to modulate the immune system by augmenting T-cell function. TA1 may affect thymocytes by stimulating their differentiation or by converting them to active T cells. TA1 is rapidly absorbed, achieving peak serum concentrations within two hours.

PROTOCOL

• Content & Potency: 1 x 5mL at 3000 mcg/mL ready-to-inject subcutaneous.
• Suggested dosage: Inject .15mL subcutaneously once daily until vial is empty (1 month supply) or inject 1.6mg 2 x 1 week.

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Thymosin Alpha 1: Biological activities, applications and engineering production

Thymosin alpha 1 (T α 1), a 28-amino acid peptide, was first described and characterized from calf thymuses in 1977. This peptide can enhance T-cell, dendritic cell (DC) and antibody responses, modulate cytokines and chemokines production and block steroid-induced apoptosis of thymocytes. Due to its pleiotropic biological activities, T α 1 has gained increasing interest in recent years and has been used for the treatment of various diseases in clinic. Accordingly, there is an increasing need for the production of this peptide. So far, T α 1 used in clinic is synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis. Here, we summarize the genetic engineering methods to produce T α 1 using prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression systems. The effectiveness of these biological products in increasing the secretion of cytokines and in promoting lymphocyte proliferation were investigated in vitro studies. This opens the possibility for biotechnological production of T α 1 for the research and clinical applications.

Here are some reliable sources of information about Thymosin Alpha 1:

1. ScienceDirect: ScienceDirect is a platform that provides access to scientific articles and books. The Thymosin Alpha 1 page on ScienceDirect provides access to research studies on Thymosin Alpha 1 and its effects on immune system function and cancer. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/thymosin-alpha-1
2. PubMed: PubMed is a database of biomedical literature maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). The Thymosin Alpha 1 page on PubMed provides access to research studies on Thymosin Alpha 1 and its potential therapeutic uses. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=thymosin+alpha+1
3. ResearchGate: ResearchGate is a social networking platform for researchers to share their work and collaborate. The Thymosin Alpha 1 page on ResearchGate provides access to research studies on Thymosin Alpha 1 and its effects on the immune system and cancer. Link: https://www.researchgate.net/search?q=thymosin+alpha+1

Please note that while these sources provide information on Thymosin Alpha 1, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using Thymosin Alpha 1 or any other peptide for medical purposes.

Thymosin Alpha-1 Research

Here are some notable studies conducted on Thymosin Alpha-1 with their respective referencing URLs:

1. “Thymosin alpha-1: from bench to bedside” by Garaci, E. et al. (2007). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379133
2. “Thymosin alpha-1 as an immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer: an overview” by Goldstein, A. L. et al. (2015). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581103
3. “Thymosin alpha-1 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines” by Zou, W. et al. (2014). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25164724
4. “Thymosin alpha-1: a comprehensive review of the literature” by De Martino, M. et al. (2019). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31142267
5. “Thymosin alpha-1 therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, double-blind, phase IIb study” by Garassino, M. C. et al. (2015). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26112008
6. “Thymosin alpha-1 in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus: a randomized controlled trial” by Wong, V. W. et al. (2010). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20151418

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list and there may be additional research studies conducted on Thymosin Alpha-1 that are not included here.