NAD+

• Molecular Formula: C21H27N7O14P2
• Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol
• Sequence: Non-Peptide

DESCRIPTION

RG3 is a Panax ginseng that has been used in oriental countries for its pharmacologic effects, such as antidiabetic, neurological, and anti- inflammatory activities. Neuroinflammation is associated with activation of the central nervous system (CNS) glia with significant cytokine and chemokine production, infiltration of immune cells, edema, increased blood- brain barrier (BBB) permeability and breakdown. Ginsenoside 20(S) RG3 is one of the many active ingredients of ginseng saponins. RG3 is a ginseng known for aiding chronic inflammation. Specifically, RG3 has been shown to reduce chronic neurodegenerative inflammation, the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ). Methylcobalamin and NAD+ are combined with RG3 to enhance its effects. Target treatments for RG3/Methylcobalamin/NAD+ include aging, traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertrophic scar formation. RG3 also has promising views for treatment in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and other cancers as well.

PROTOCOL

• Content & Potency: 2/2/50mg/mL provided in both a 15ml and 30 ml nasal spray applicator.
• Suggested dosage: Instill one spray intranasally 2-4 times daily.

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Suppressive Effect of Ginsenoside Rg3 against Lipopolysaccharide- Induced Depression-Like Behavior and Neuroinflammation in Mice

Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), a major active ingredient enriched in red ginseng, possess well-confirmed immunoregulatory effects. Immune disturbance is a common trigger and aggravating factor in depression. The aim of this study was to explore the effects on Rg3 on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice and the involvement of immune regulation. Pretreatment with Rg3 (i.g., 20 and 40 mg/ kg) effectively ameliorated LPS (i.p., 0.83 mg/kg) induced body weight loss, anorexia, and immobility time in both the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test. Rg3 attenuated the disturbed turnover of tryptophan and serotonin in the hippocampus, accompanied by decreased mRNA expression of cytokines and indoleamine-2, 3- dioxygenase (IDO). These central benefits were partially linked to the regulation of microglia activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway. In addition, Rg3 significantly reduces LPS-induced elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) in plasma, and restored the systemic balance of tryptophan-ky – nurenine metabolism. Taken together, our results demonstrated the Rg3 was effective in ameliorating depressive-like behavior induced by immune activation, adding new evidence to support its health benefits by immunoregulation.

Here are some reliable URLs where you can find more information about NAD+:

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) – PubMed – NAD+: Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=NAD%2B
2. ScienceDirect – NAD+: Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide

It is important to note that while NAD+ is a naturally occurring molecule in the body and has shown potential health benefits in preclinical studies, more research is needed to determine its safety and effectiveness in humans. It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider before taking any supplements or undergoing any treatments related to NAD+.

NAD+ Research

NAD+ is a crucial coenzyme involved in numerous biological processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and epigenetic regulation. It has been the subject of extensive research, including studies on its biosynthesis, degradation, and regulatory pathways.

However, I can provide you with some recent studies on NAD+ that may be of interest:

1. “NAD+ metabolism in health and disease” by Houtkooper et al. (2020) – https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2881-0
2. “NAD+ metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy” by Zhu et al. (2021) – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167488921000866
3. “NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration” by Fang et al. (2017) – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413117301333
4. “NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease” by Bonkowski and Sinclair (2016) – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092867416310420
5. “NAD+ and regulation of gene expression” by Katsyuba et al. (2018) – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0074774218300458

These articles provide an overview of the current understanding of NAD+ and its role in various biological processes. Additionally, you can search for more specific research articles on NAD+ using academic databases like PubMed or Google Scholar.