Thymosin

• Molecular Formula : C212H350N56O78S
• Molecular Weight: 4963.506 g/mol
• Sequence: Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-lle-Glu- Lys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-LysThr-Glu-Thr-Gin-Glu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ser-Lys-Glu- Thy-lleGlu-Gin-Glu-Lys-Gin-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser

DESCRIPTION

Thymosin is a hormone secreted from the thymus. Its primary function is to stimulate the production of T cells, which are an important part of the immune system. Thymosin also assists in the development of B cells to plasma cells to produce antibodies. The predominant form of Thymosin, Thymosin Beta 4, is a member of a highly conserved family of actin monomer- sequestering proteins. In addition to its role as a major actin-sequestering molecule, Thymosin Beta 4 plays a role in tissue repair. T β 4 has been found to play an important role in protection, regeneration and remodeling of injured or damaged tissues. The gene for T β 4 has also been found to be one of the first to be upregulated after injuries. Thymosin Beta 4 is currently being trialed as a potential therapy for HIV, AIDS, and Influenza. Thymosin Beta 4 is most often prescribed for acute injury, surgical repair and for senior athletes. It has most recently been shown to help regrow hair in addition to PRP.

PROTOCOL

• Content & Potency: 3000mcg/ml subcutaneous injection provided in a 5ml vial.
• Suggested dosage: Inject 0.25ml subcutaneously daily for 20 days.

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Differential expression of the human thymosin-beta 4 gene in lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes.

A cDNA clone encoding human thymosin-beta 4 was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. This clone contained the entire coding sequence of 43 amino acid residues of thymosin-beta 4 and had an initiation codon and two termination codons. The amino acid and nucleotide sequences in the coding region were well conserved between rat and human. Nine of 132 nucleotides were different in the coding sequences (93% homology), but the deduced amino acid sequences were identical. No signal peptide was found in the deduced protein sequence. Human thymosin-beta 4 mRNA, approximately 830 nucleotides in length, was about 30 nucleotides larger than rat thymosin-beta 4 mRNA. Expression of the human thymosin-beta 4 gene in various primary myeloid and lymphoid malignant cells and in a few human hemopoietic cell lines was studied. Northern blot analyses of different neoplastic B lymphocytes revealed that steady state levels of thymosin-beta 4 mRNA varid as a function of differentiation stage. Thymosin-beta 4 mRNA levels were decreased in myeloma cells as are class II human leukocyte antigen, Fc receptor, and complement receptor, suggesting a relationship between thymosin-beta 4 and the immune response. Thymosin-beta 4 mRNA was more highly expressed in mature granulocytes than in immature blastic cells. Treatment of THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, with recombinant human interferon- lambda reduced the levels of thymosin-beta 4 mRNA. Its level decreased after differentiation of THP-1 cells into Ia+ macrophages, but increased after differentiation of HL-60 cells into Ia- macrophages. The pattern of thymosin-beta 4 gene expression suggests that it may play a fundamental role in the host defense mechanism.

Here are some useful URLs where you can find information about Thymosin:

• The European Journal of Pharmacology has published research on the potential use of Thymosin in treating various conditions, including wound healing, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The abstracts of these studies can be found on their website: Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/search?qs=thymosin

These resources should provide a good starting point for anyone interested in learning more about Thymosin and its potential roles in treating various medical conditions. However, it’s important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the safety and efficacy of Thymosin in humans.

Thymosin Research

Sure, here is a list of some of the significant research studies conducted on the peptide SEMAX along with their corresponding URLs:

1. “Thymosin alpha 1: from bench to bedside” by Garaci, E. et al. (2007). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379133
2. “Thymosin alpha 1 as a vaccine adjuvant: over a decade of experience” by Garaci, E. et al. (2015). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26260473
3. “Thymosin beta 4 promotes mesenchymal stem cell migration via regulation of FAK and MAPK signaling pathways” by Zhang, Y. et al. (2015). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25805190
4. “Thymosin beta-4 and cardiac repair” by Smart, N. (2014). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24799291
5. “Thymosin alpha 1 in combination with interferon alpha in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized controlled, open-label study” by Liaw, Y. F. et al. (2010). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20934530

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list and there may be additional research studies conducted on Thymosin that are not included here.